Conservation Law of Energy

Although, according to Noether’s theorem, the time translation symmetry of the Lagrangian is directly related to the conservation of energy of the system, the crucial point of the importance of the energy conservation is what is the range that the law specifically covers? Does it cover the entire universe or only the local system?

To elaborate the point of the argument, here is a suggested Gedanken experiment. For an example, suppose there is a test mass in a thermally isolated container. One decided to influence the energy of the test mass inside the container from outside and moved a heavy mass back and forth to change the gravitational force on the test mass. Following the external influence, the test mass initially set at rest started to oscillate and gained a definite kinetic energy delta E.

Of course, one will argue that the applicable range of the total energy of the system has to be extended beyond the closed container where the test mass is located. But suppose that the heavy mass outside of the container is located so far away from the test mass that the existence of the heavy mass’ external influence is not verifiable. Now one can see that the boundary of the local conservation of the energy law has to be stretched to the infinity which is the practical range of the force of gravity.

Therefore, in general, it can be stated that the local conservation of the energy law can not be respected for the long range forces. One can always try to reformulate and enforce the law but when the boundary is infinite, what is the purpose of such an enforcement? There are always possibilities that one can devise a system that the local energy is practically gained at the expense of the energy loss from somewhere else in the universe.

The mentioned influence of the external force can be initiated by manipulating the specific local configuration of the test mass, for example, by the rotation of the longitudinally asymmetric object which produces the dipole gavity effect.

After all, general relativity and Maxwell’s equation are the theories describing how the matters are interacting with each other within their own principles of interactions in the universe, and they are not about acting like a watchdog for the local conservation of the energy. The inherent nature of the long rangedness (infinity) of those forces makes the local conservation of the energy within these principles meaningless.

However, the strong force which is extermely short ranged and holds the nucleus together and also subsequently the atoms and molecules will definitely conserve the local energy as proven to be correct abundantly in the kinetic theory of gases.

Possibility of Non Existing Gravitational Waves

The fundamental postulate of general relativity is that one can not tell the difference between the gravitational field and the uniform acceleration, which is called the equivalence principle. So according to this postulate, the gravitational field is basically the same as the source of the acceleration of the matter itself. Now, for there to be a gravitational wave, this acceleration field must be disturbed in such a way that it changes its magnitude depending on time. However, in general mechanics, the time derivative of an acceleration is not defined. That is to say, there is no da/dt, which is the time derivative of an acceleration.

If the gravitational waves were found, it means that the general equation of motion can be a third order differential equation instead of being a second order one. It breaks down the fundamental principle of Newtonian mechanics in a strange way since there is no such thing as the rate of change of the acceleration defined in the Newtonian laws of the mechanics. But then so was dipole gravity, in a different way, since an object can be physically displaced without the external force in the direction of the displacement, which occurs in the rotating hemispherical objects.

And without the detailed investigation of this effect, it was easy to dismiss dipole gravity as non existent physical entity from the start. Now with the gravitational quadrupole radiation, no one seems to pay attention on how it may violate Newtonian mechanics and the equivalence principle. For the sake of fairness, it is far more imperative to investigate dipole gravity experimentally. It won't be too late to test the quadrupole radiation effect later.

While an electric charge in circular motion around a positively charged ion loses energy by electromagnetic radiation, although the electron keeps its stable orbit around the proton due to the quantum effect, the satellite matters orbiting around the heavy condensed stars do not lose energy by radiation. Therefore, the constantly accelerating mass due to its circular motion around a host stellar object does not produce the gravitational waves.

This is the fundamental physical difference between the electrodynamics and the gravity. If the gravity is the same as the acceleration field of an object, the gravitational radiation must be a time derivative of the acceleration field itself, which is not defined in mechanics, although, this point may need more serious debate.

The energy loss observed from the fast rotating binary stars has been considered an evidence of the gravitational radiation. However, the space debris that being attracted by the two mass pole star system will see the center of mass of the two stars as the focal point of the gravitational attraction when viewed from the far distances. The impact of the debris with the two massive stars will be perpendicular to the rotational motion of the individual stars. This will create enough losses of the angular momentum and could account for the major energy loss. Therefore, this observation can not be considered an ultimate proof of the existence of the gravitational waves.

What it fundamentally suggests is that the gravitational wave may be harder to produce than one would imagine, if not impossible.

One possible application of dipole gravity may be that one can easily change the geometrical configuration of the rotating hemispherical object by using many layers of independently rotating discs or rings. This can be made to produce a longitudinal(directional) dipole gravity pulses like a pulsating beam of light which can be used to remotely pull or push objects where the pulsed dipole gravity beam may be pointed at.

Still, in this case, the pulsating beam of a directional dipole gravity is fundamentally different from the quadrupole gravitational radiation typically understood in the field of gravitation and general relativity.

Possible Future Projects

Using the dipole gravity model, it is possible to catalog the entire collection of the observed galaxies by their mass, rotational speed, geometrical shape of the individual cores and the dark matter density per unit radial distance. The luminosity near the galactic center may depend on the combinations of the intrinsic parameters listed above. This is a massive project that will need to be done eventually. The differences in the minute details of the rotational velocity curve will provide the necessary information to help understanding the structure of the core of the galaxies.

The problem with the concordance model was to explain the cause of the pattern of the distribution of the dark matter and the questions of what caused it and why. Of course, within the dipole gravity model, these are few of the natural consequences of the model itself. The jets and the dark matters are made of the same material.

Copy of 1997 Journal Referee Reports

I was able to dig up some of the old documents related to the dipole gravity paper. Looking back, it is interesting to see how the journal referees view the content of the paper. It was revised before the submission to the other journal Physica Scripta which accepted the paper for publication, but I believe the basic point of the article was the same. This may have some historical values and one can also have a glimpse into the minds of the researchers in the field. The anonymity of the referee's name is a rule of the most of the journals and I don't think I have to reveal the name of the journal either.





So, according to these referee's report, the gravitational field in and around the rotating spherical mass was completely understood until 1997, but still we didn't have a clue on the jets and the dark matter problems. Instead, those problems were "solved" and "explained" using the theories that have nothing to do with general relativity.

The conventional gravitomagnetism, even in the weak field limit, fails to predict the fundamental mechanism of producing the repulsive gravity as one would expect a gravito"magnetism" should. The Coulomb potential analogy of the Newtonian gravity is fundamentally flawed and, moreover, it is against the equivalence principle of general relativity. A uniformly moving mass does not create a magnet like gravity, only the accelerating mass creates an additional gravity like force.

What is Dipole Gravity and What It isn’t?

The Dictatorial Power of the Scientific Truth

The Darwinian principle of the theory of the evolution of the origin of the species and its subsequent archaeological proof left us little choice for an alternative explanation. Naturally, this has caused a great concern for the future of humanity among the philosophers in the field of anthropology. Due to the lack of the resources or the uncontrollable catastrophe, like that happened to the dinosaurs, human species will be extinct at certain point of time in the future and we have to do something about it, they theorized.

However, it must be noted that this kind of doomsday philosophy has already assumed that there are limited resources and there will be no other technology available for the change of the situation in the remote future. So when a certain scientific doctrine is used allegedly to protect the future of the human species, one can go a great distance to a morally horrifying scenario. Any theoretical attempt or plan for the global population reduction, therefore, is flawed because it was contemplated based on the wrong premises that there will be no advanced technology that will alleviate the current situation of the earth’s civilization. For a typical example, Ted Turner’s avid support for this kind of program is appalling.

Human society should spend substantial amount of time and energy on the development of this future technology and seriously think about going out of the earth’s surface to the far distant stars because the earth is not going to be the ultimate resting place for the human species. Somehow the relative location of the solar system in our galaxy makes it vulnerable to the frequent bombardment of the asteroids. And whenever it happens, the living organisms on earth suffer a great damage.

We may have to find a much stable and quiet star system inside the galaxy that all of the human species can migrate into. When people draw conclusions following the Darwinian theory of evolution, the inherent danger is there. We don’t know the full secret of the laws of the nature and what will be its possible benefits for the mankind.

What scares people especially in the field of cosmology about the theory of dipole gravity is that it deprives them of the freedom to be wrong. It must be emphasized that the scientific truth is not determined by a popular vote. Either it is correct or it is a false. What determines the ultimate fate of it is, of course, repeated experimental measurements and/or the existing observational confirmation. There are cases that a theory is partially correct. In general, in the field of science, even when a certain theory is correct, it always has a limited scope of its applicable domain. A lot of the researchers in the field already knew MOND can’t be a correct theory of the universe. However, in the absence of any alternative theory, MOND flourished because of its correct predictions of a lot of the rotational velocity curves. We enjoy and thrive in our freedom to be wrong. But like in any business decisions, being wrong means the loss of time, energy and resources.

We feel we are deprived of our freedom when a teacher came out say you can’t do those immoral things, and show proofs. We would rather stone or crucify him/her. This kind of pattern has been repeated many times in the history of mankind.

Reader's Feedback(Geometrical Question)

Some of the readers of the dipole gravity blog may wonder if I have received any private emails challenging the basic concept of dipole gravity. Since I have been speaking out openly regarding dipole gravity to the general public, I have received none. I openly invited for debates, but no one volunteered to come forward. I'll post any critical errors or mistakes in the presentation of dipole gravity pointed out by the readers in the blog.

One of the minor errors pointed out by one of the readers was about the location of the center of mass of a solid hemisphere. I used hemispherical shell for the dipole gravity model in the published papers, since a spherical shell was used by Lense-Thirring as a model in their calculation for the purpose of simplicity. It was a good starting point for the proof of concept.

In the case of a hemispherical shell, the center of mass is located at the point (1/2)R from the center of the full sphere. However, for a solid hemisphere, the center of mass is located at (3/8)R from the center of the full sphere. This was pointed out by one of the readers and I appreciate him for this correction. Somehow I have been assuming that the center of mass of a sold hemisphere at rest was at (1/2)R just like that of a hemisphere, which is not correct.

In the case of a fast rotating black hole, I have a serious doubt that the core of the galactic center will be spherical. It will be more or less like a two superposed funnels with long protrusions at the poles with a wider rim at the equator. The reason for this is because the equatorial plane at the rim will be bombarded by the incoming debris due to the dipole gravity force which is strong and relatively short ranged compared to the Newtonian gravity. The balance point will be achieved where the centrifugal force becomes equal to the dipole gravity plus the Newtonian gravity.

In the absence of the strong dipole gravity, a non-rotating stellar object will assume a spherical symmetry, naturally, due to the isotropic nature of the Newtonian gravity.

However, in the case where the dipole gravity is strong, the spherical symmetry will be broken and the shape of the fast rotating stellar object will assume a topology which conforms to the overall dipole gravity force lines, which is basically like a two superposed funnels attached face to face. The elongated shapes of the both of the polar axis can be anticipated due to the collision of the ejected matters and the incoming stream of particles which will eventually settle down in balance.

So, it is interesting to see how the Kerr metric for the rotating black hole has to be modified in this particular geometry, since the spherical symmetry was assumed in the original Kerr metric.

Thermodynamics and Dipole Gravity

The spontaneous acceleration of the gravitational dipole moment in the matter filled universe is inconsistent with the well known laws of thermodynamics. That is, you can not create energy from nothing. Although this is a fundamental problem with dipole gravity, it must be noted that thermodynamics is valid in a closed system where the particles (molecules) that carry the energy is strictly confined within the well insulated container. The fact that dipole gravity can explain the cosmological problems of the jets and the dark matter problem prompts us to reexamine the laws of thermodynamics in light of the new long range force of gravity.

As stated previously, the hypothesis of the existence of the tachyonic particles as a medium for the gravity solves this conceptual problem. Gravity is caused by the void in space where the tachyonic particles are restricted, for example, due to the massive dense stellar material. This is not even a new idea because there has already been a speculation that gravity may be caused by pushing effect, which pushing gravity originally proposed by Le Sage. In any case, the tachyonic nature of these particles makes them easy to pass through the baryonic matter. The cross section between the neutrinos and the ordinary matter is extremely small, which means that there is no effective means of shielding gravity. The gravity, whether it's dipole or Newtonian gravity, can not be contained nor shielded. It is inherently an open system. Therefore, the conventional thermodynamics can not apply. In fact, in this picture, the energy is not created from nothing. It is merely siphoned out of the vast reservoir of the cosmic background energy due to the inherently open nature of the local gravitational system.

This is a drastic departure from the well cherished belief of the local energy conservation from the known thermodynamics. One can see the long reaching consistency here, from the mysterious nature of the negative mass squared value of the neutrinos to the observational absence of the stationary neutrinos, and its hidden effect on gravity and the elegant explanation of the dipole gravity phenomenon using the concept of the tachyonic neutrinos.

As stated in the previous posts, one can see that the major shift of the scientific paradigm is imminent.

In an interesting twist of the event, the Vatican's chief astronomer has said recently that there may be space beings who are also created by God. People may laugh at this idea. There is no mention of the aliens being created in other heavens and earths by God in the Bible. The fact that Vatican had to come up with this idea means a lot. There simply are too many evidences that something or some beings are visiting the Earth. The ultimate collapse of the Catholic Church’s doctrine of the earth being the only heaven and earth created by God must have become a serious issue to the church establishments.

Instead of letting people losing the whole faith on God, Vatican had to prepare for the upcoming revelation of the visitation of the earth by the alien beings. God created many intelligent beings following his own image in other heavens and earths. So there is nothing to panic and we can keep our faith in God as we are used to.

In fact, the freedom of information act has made it impossible to contain the incriminating evidences of the uninvited visitation of the space beings that have been accumulated over a period of decades.

Now the serious question from scientists is how could they manage to visit us if they are from millions of light years away from us?

If the conventional thermodynamics is not the full account of the laws of the nature, anything is possible. The concept that some advanced space beings may be visiting the Earth is not surprising at all.